Alberta became a Canadian province in 1905, but joined Canada as part of the Northwest Territories in 1870. Louis Riel’s provisional government negotiated the entry into confederation of these bodies with a Royal Proclamation (1869) for the protection of linguistic, religious and property rights. Article 110 was added to the Northwest Territories Act in 1877 for judicial and legislative bilingualism for the territories. In 2015 in the Caron decision, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the Alberta government is not required to respect these rights because they were not explicitly enshrined in the Alberta Act in 1905.
